!VERB TENSES!


The Present (exams suck)
What is happening now, currently.
Take the infinitive form of the verb and add endings below:
Ar- o amos Er- o emos Ir- o imos
      as                 es              es
      a      an         e       en        e   en

The Preterite (exams sucked)
What has already happened, and we know a specific time when it happened in the past. If there is no specific time, or it was not recently, refer to imperfect tense.
Take the infinitive form of the verb and add endings below:
Ar- è amos   Er/Ir- ì imos
      aste                   iste
      ò aron               iò ieron


Irregulars-

estar-estuv
venir-vin
dar-di
poner-pus
poder-pud
conducir- conduj
traer-traj
hacer- hic
saber- sup
querer- quis
tener-tuv
decir- dij
ser/ir- fui
ver- vi

Imperfecto (exams used to suck)
What used to happen for a long period of time in the past. Similar to preterite, but more vague.
To conjugate regular verbs in the imperfect, drop the ending and add one of the following:

Ar-                                  Er-
Aba ábamos                    ía íamos
abas                                  ías
aba aban                            ía ían

Irregulars:

ser

era
eras
era
éramos
erais
eran ir

iba
ibas
iba
íbamos
ibais
iban ver

veía
veías
veía
veíamos
veíais
veían

El Futuro (exams will suck)
What will happen in the future.
Take the infinitive form of the verb, and add the endings without changing anything else.

Ar/Er/Ir:
é emos
às
à àn

Irregulars
Caber- cabr
Poder- podr
Querer- querr
Saber- sabr
Poner- pondr
Salir- saldr
Tener- tendr
Venir- vendr
Decir- dir
Hacer- har


Conditional (exams would suck)
What could happen in the future
Take the infinitive of the verb, and without changing anything else, add the endings below. ( similar to the way the future tense is conjugated)

Ar/Er/Ir-
ìa ìamos
ìas
ìa ìan
*the same irregulars as in the future tense!!
The Perfect Tense (exams have/ the exam has sucked)
Present perfect tense talks about something specific that has/have happened recently.
Use the present tense of haber + past participle of the verb: (er/ir=id ar=ado)

He hemos Past Participle of verb
Has + infinitive-ending
Ha han ar- ado er/ir- ido

The Past Perfect Tense (exams had sucked)

Past perfect talks about what had happened
Use the following tense of haber + past participle of the verb.

Habìa habìamos Past Participle of verb
Habìas + infinitive-ending
Habìa habìan ar- ado er/ir- ido

Present Perfect Subjunctive (I dont doubt that exams have sucked)
Basically the same as the normal subjunctive, except for it is talking about something that has/have/had happened. For example, I doubt that she has eaten. ( Yo dudo que ella haya comido).
Take the subjunctive form of haber (from below) and follow it with the past participle of the verb.

Haya hayamos Past Participle of verb
Hayas + infinitive-ending
Haya hayan ar- ado er/ir- ido

Irregulars of the Past Participle**
** These are to be used whenever the past participle is needed.

Abrir- abierto (opened)
Cubrir- cubierto (covered)
Decir- dicho (said, told)
Escribir- escrito (written)
Hacer- hecho (done, made)
Caer- caìdo (fallen)
Creer- creìdo (believed)
Leer- leìdo (read)
Morir- muerto (died)
Poner- puesto (put)
Romper- roto (broken)
Ver- visto (seen)
Volver- vuelto (returned)
Oir- oìdo (heard)
Reir- reìdo (laughed)
Traer- traìdo (brought)


Subjunctive ( I hope that exams dont suck.)
Used for suggesting, requesting, asking someone to do something, or for expressing emotion, hope, doubt and uncertainty. Think UWEIRDO. (uncertainty, want, emotion, indirect command, request, doubt, order [basically a command]).
Take the yo form of the verb, drop the o, and then add the following endings:


Ar- e emos Er/Ir- a amos
es as
e en a an

Irregulars in the Subjunctive:
dar - to give
dé
des
dé
demos
den

estar - to be
esté
estés
esté
estemos
estén

ir - to go
vaya
vayas
vaya
vayamos
vayáis
vayan
saber - to know
sepa
sepas
sepa
sepamos
sepáis


ser - to be
sea
seas
sea
seamos
seáis
sean

Past Subjunctive

Take the preterite ellos form of the verb, drop the aron or ieron, and then add the ending below:

Ar- ara aramos                 Er/Ir- iera iérmos
Aras                                              ieras
Ara aran                                        iera ieran

For example: comiera or hablara

Irregulars:
Trajera
Fuéra



Present Progressive ( Exams are sucking.)
What is happening at this very moment.
Take the present tense of the verb+ ending.

Ar- ando Er/Ir- iendo

Irregular:
caer- cayendo
construir- construyendo
creer- creyendo
leer- leyendo
oir- oyendo
ir-
traer- trayendo



COMMANDS
*When attaching to the end of positive commands, if the emphasis changes on the word, make sure to put the accent over the second last syllable before the stuff was added.

Informal Commands (you must take these sucky exams)
Used to give commands to people that are your equals.
Use the present tense of the el/ella form of the verb.

Irregulars:


Decir-di
Hacer-haz
Ir-ve
Poner-pon
Salir-sal
Ser-se
Tener- ten
Venir-ven




Negative Tu Commands
Take the present subjunctive form of the verb, add an s, and a no in front of it.
For example: No hables más lentamente.
Don't speak more slowly

Formal Commands*(Sir, you must take this sucky exam.)
*Also used of the plural command.
Tells someone more important than you to do something.
Take the yo form of the verb and drop the o. Switch the endings. (follow the model below.)

VERB YO FORM SWITCH THE ENDING
Hablar -> hablo -> hable
Comer -> como -> coma

Negative Formal Commands
Add a no in front of it. (very simple)